SELECT 
  cscart_ult_product_prices.product_id, 
  MIN(
    IF(
      cscart_ult_product_prices.percentage_discount = 0, 
      cscart_ult_product_prices.price, 
      cscart_ult_product_prices.price - (
        cscart_ult_product_prices.price * cscart_ult_product_prices.percentage_discount
      )/ 100
    )
  ) AS price 
FROM 
  cscart_ult_product_prices 
WHERE 
  cscart_ult_product_prices.product_id IN (
    4024, 4020, 4028, 4037, 4019, 4029, 4036, 
    4025, 4042, 4026, 4045, 4038, 4046, 
    4040, 4039, 4022, 4021, 4041
  ) 
  AND cscart_ult_product_prices.lower_limit = 1 
  AND cscart_ult_product_prices.company_id = 1 
  AND cscart_ult_product_prices.usergroup_id IN (0, 0, 1) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_ult_product_prices.product_id

Query time 0.00037

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "filesort": {
      "sort_key": "cscart_ult_product_prices.product_id",
      "temporary_table": {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_ult_product_prices",
          "access_type": "ALL",
          "possible_keys": [
            "usergroup",
            "product_id",
            "company_id",
            "lower_limit",
            "usergroup_id"
          ],
          "rows": 44,
          "filtered": 40.90909195,
          "attached_condition": "cscart_ult_product_prices.lower_limit = 1 and cscart_ult_product_prices.company_id = 1 and cscart_ult_product_prices.product_id in (4024,4020,4028,4037,4019,4029,4036,4025,4042,4026,4045,4038,4046,4040,4039,4022,4021,4041) and cscart_ult_product_prices.usergroup_id in (0,0,1)"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}