SELECT 
  c.*, 
  IF (c.location_id != 1, 0, 1) as `default` 
FROM 
  cscart_bm_containers as c 
  INNER JOIN cscart_bm_locations as l ON c.location_id = l.location_id 
  AND l.is_default = 1 
  AND l.layout_id = 1 
WHERE 
  1 
  AND c.position IN ('TOP_PANEL', 'HEADER', 'FOOTER')

Query time 0.00065

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "c",
      "access_type": "ALL",
      "possible_keys": ["location_id"],
      "rows": 336,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "c.position in ('TOP_PANEL','HEADER','FOOTER')"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "l",
      "access_type": "eq_ref",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "3",
      "used_key_parts": ["location_id"],
      "ref": ["rfswire_cart.c.location_id"],
      "rows": 1,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "l.is_default = 1 and l.layout_id = 1"
    }
  }
}